[英语·教案]初一 U19 Food and drink(1) |
作者： 来源：中学英语教学资源网 浏览数：  更新时间：2006-06-27 |
Ⅰ.首先用英语回答几个问题：
⒈What day is it today? 或者说：What day is today?
⒉What’s the date today?
⒊Who is on duty doday?
⒋Is everyone here today? 或者说：Are we (you) all here today?
⒌Who is not here today? 或者说：Who is not at school today?
参考答案
⒈It’s Monday today. 或者说：Today in Monday.
⒉It’s February 21,2000. (It’s February the twenty-first,2000)
⒊Wei Fang is an duty today.
⒋Yes, everyone is here today. / Yes, we are. 或No, we aren’t.
⒌Li Lei is not here today. / Li Lei is not at school today.
在问完以上这些问题之后再加上一个新的句子：I have a new watch, today?
给同学看：This is my new watch. Do you like it?
I have a new watch. Do you like it?是本单元的重点句型之一。
have是有的意思，但是它有人称的变化，请看下面人称与have的关系。
I have a new watch. 我有一块新表。We have some new books. 我们有一些新书。
They have two children. 他们有两个孩子。You have a god teacher. 你们有一位好老师。
以上的人称都可以have表示“有”。再请看下列各句：
She has a sister. 她有一个妹妹。He has a little dog.他有一只小狗。
Tom has a happy family. 汤姆有一个幸福的家庭。
以上例句的主语都属于第三人称单数形式，因此动词have就变了has.
Ⅱ. 本单元中出现了可数名词和不可数名词的用法，先请看下列单词：
rice(米饭，大米) tea(茶) bread(面包) milk(牛奶) meat(肉) water(水) orange(桔汁)
以上这些单词都是不可数名词，在英语当中，名词分两种：可数名词（单数形式、复数形式）、不可数名词（只有单数形式）。不可数名词虽然没有复数形式，但加上一个相应的量词就可以表示出多数了。
比如：a bowl of rice一碗米饭 a cup of tea一杯茶
two bowls of rice两碗米饭 three cups of tea三杯茶
a piece of bread一片面包 a bottle of milk一瓶牛奶
some pieces of bread几片面包 many bottles of milk许多瓶牛奶
a glass of water一杯水 a bottle of orange一瓶桔汁
two glasses of water两杯水 four bottles of orange四瓶桔汁
不可数名词表示多数时必须加上一个相应的量词，复数必须加在量词的后面，而不可数名词的后面永远不能加复数。除此之外不可数名词前面还经常用some（一些）和any（任何）两个词表示数量。
比如：I have some bread and a glass of milk. 我吃了一些面包和一杯牛奶。
但some多用于肯定句中，any用在否定和疑问句中，请比较下列各句。
⒈There are some bread on the table.
⒉Is there any water in the glass?
第一句是陈述句（肯定句）用some表示，一些面包。第二句用于问句中的any，表示任何。但在中文当中可以不翻译出来，只是疑问句中习惯用any。此句被译为：杯子里有水吗？不要译成杯子里有任何水吗？
在some后面加上单词thing就变成了另外一个单词something（某事）
在any后面加上单词thing就变成了另外一个单词anything（任何事物）
但它们的用法与some,any的用法一样，something用于肯定句，而anything用于否定句中，但是在下面的句型当中用法特殊。请看下面一组对话。
A：Can I help you?
B：Yes, Er, What would you like?
C：I don’t know.
B：Well, Would you like something to drink? What about a glass of milk?
C：No ,thanks. I think I’d like a bottle of orange.
这一组对话中的something to drink这一句话不要看成是一般疑问句型。这是一种表示请示或者建议的特殊句型，因此不能用anything。还有类似的表示建议的句子：
Would you like something to eat? 你要不要吃点什么？
Could you tell me something about your class? 你可以告诉我有关你们班里的事情吗？
这里的Would like是“想要”的意思，比want要婉转，客气些。比如服务员询问顾客想要什么等场合，常说“What would you like?”回答时用I’d (would) like….。
例如：①A：What would you like? 你想要什么？B：I ‘d like an eraser. 我想要一块橡皮。
②A：What would you like to drink? 您想喝点什么？
B：I’d (would) like to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
③A：Would you like a glass of milk? 您想喝杯牛奶吗？
B：Yes, please. 是的，请给我拿一杯吧。
No, thanks. 不喝，谢谢您。
这些句型都表示客气的邀请，请求，证求对方的意见等等。
刚才我们讲到不可数名词常与There are句型连用。
比如：There is some orange in the bottle. 这个瓶子时有些桔汁。
There are two cups of coffee on the table. 桌子上有两杯咖啡。
在特殊疑问句中它们常与How many和How much连用。
例如：①How much milk is there in the bottle? 牛奶不可数，因此用How much来表示多少。回答：There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点牛奶。
②How many bottles of milk are there in the box？这个箱子里有多少瓶牛奶？
回答：There are five bottles of milk in the box. 这个箱子里有五瓶牛奶。
③How many bananas can you see in the basket? 你能看见蓝子里有多少香蕉？
回答：I can see many bananas in the basket. 我看见蓝子里有许多香蕉。
以上三组问答中用了相同的句型，但要注意不同的问题要用不同的回答方式。这是在应用中经济出现的问题。How many+可数名词的复数形式。How much+不可数名词。
Ⅲ. 练习部分
A：请把下面的短语译成中文：
⒈a cup of tea _____ ⒉a glass of milk ______
⒊a bottle of water _____ ⒋two pieces of bread ____
⒌three pieces of meat ______ ⒍a bottle of orange _____
⒎some cakes ______ ⒏some rice _______
⒐What about some cakes? ______ ⒑something to drink _______
⒒something to eat ________ ⒓Would you like to _______?
B：选择正确答案：
⒈How many ______ can you see in the basket?
A. rice B. meat C. apples D. food
⒉I’d like a bottle of milk. ________ you?
A. How B. What about C. What D. Are
⒊I ______ a new watch. ______ you like it ?
A. am, Do B. have, Do C. has, Are
⒋I would like ______.
A. two glasses of waters B. two glass of water
C. two glasses of water D. two glasses water
C：连词成句：
⒈can, see, I, some, cakes, boxes, of, on, table, the.
⒉Would, you, like, how, bananas, many.
⒊Would, like, I, orange, an, some, pears, and.
D：将下列对话译成中文：
A：What would you like?
B：I’d like a skirt.
A：What about this white one?
B：No, I don’t like it much. That yellow one’s nice.
A：Here you are.
B：Yes, Good, How much is it?
A：25 yuan.
B：Here’s the money(钱).
A：Thank you. Bye.
B：Bye.
参考答案
A：⒈一杯茶；⒉一杯牛奶；⒊一瓶水；⒋两片面包；⒌三块肉；⒍一瓶桔汁；⒎一些蛋糕；⒏一些米饭（大米）；⒐来些蛋糕怎么样？；⒑一些喝的；⒒一些吃的；⒓你想……
B：⒈C；⒉B；⒊B；⒋C
C：⒈I can see some boxes of cakes an the table.
⒉How many bananas would you like?
⒊I would like an orange and some pears.
D：A：你想要什么？
B：我想要一条裙子。
A：这条白色的怎么样？
B：我不太喜欢这条白色的，那条黄色的不错。
A：给你。
B：好，多少钱。
A：二十五元。
B：给你钱。
A：谢谢，再见。
B：再见。
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